Type Casting Techniques in C#
Type casting is a concept of converting from one datatype into another datatype. C#.Net supports 2 types type casting techniques.
1)Implicit type casting : It is converting lower to higher.
2)Explicit type casting: It is converting higher to lower.
->we convert float to double is implicit type casting.
->we convert long to int is explicit type casting.
->we convert int to float is implicit type casting.
->we convert float to int is explicit type casting.
C#.Net supports 4 types of explicit typecasting techniques:
1)C++ style of type casting
2)converting
3)parsing
4)boxing&unboxing
Working with C++ style of type casting:
EX: int i=10;
Byte b=i;
Syntax: data type1 v1=value;
data type2 v2=(datatype 2)v1;
Example on c++style of typecasting:
Open console application project:
Start->programs->Microsoft visual studio 2010->Microsoft Visual studio 2010->file menu->new->
project->select visual c# from installed templates->select console application
code for main method
class program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int x = 150;
Byte sal = (byte)x;
Console.WriteLine("salary is :" + sal);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
Execute the project(F5)
Note: in above program, If int x=256, then output will be 0, i.e in C++ style of type casting there is a possibility for losing the data.
Syntaxes of Conditional statements:
Syntax of if condition:
1)If(condition)
Statement1;
Else
Statement2;
2)if(condition)
{
Statements
}
Else
{
Statements
}
3)syntax of nested if condition
If(condition1)
Statement1;
Else if(condition2)
Statement2;
Else
Statement;
4)Syntax of switch condition
Int x=1;
Switch(x)
{
Case 1: statements;
Break;
Case 2: statements;
Break;
Default: statements;
Break;
}
Syntax of loops:
1)for loop syntax
For(initialization;condition;increment(or) decrement)
Syntax of while loop:
While(condition)
{
Statements
}
Syntax of do-while loop:
Do
{
Statements;
}
While(condition);
Working with converting concepts:
converting is used to typecast from any datatype into any another datatype. Convert is a pre defined class. Working with convert class is called as converting, class contains a collection of methods
Methods of convert class:
Byte b=convert.ToByte(value)
SByte b=convert.TosByte(value)
Double d=convert.ToDouble(value)
Bool x=convert.ToBoolean(value)
Char c=convert.ToChar(value)
Float x=convert.Tosingle(value)
Short x=convert.Toint16(value)
Ushort x=convert.Touint16(value)
Example on converting:
Open console application project:
Start->programs->Microsoft visual studio 2010->Microsoft Visual studio 2010->file menu->new->
project->select visual c# from installed templates->select console application
code for main method
class program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//print ASCII chars
for (int i = 1; i < +256; i++)
{
char c = Convert.ToChar(i);
Console.Write(c);
}//close for loop
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
Execute the project(F5)
Working with parsing:
Working with parse method is called as parsing. Parsing can be used only to convert from string data type into any another datatype.
Example on maxvalue,minvalue and parse method concepts:
Open console application project:
Start->programs->Microsoft visual studio 2010->Microsoft Visual studio 2010->file menu->new->
project->select visual c# from installed templates->select console application
code for mainmethod:
class program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine(int.MaxValue);
Console.WriteLine(int.MinValue);
Console.WriteLine("enter ur sal:");
String s = Console.ReadLine();
//always reads the data in the format of string
String ts = s + 2000;
Console.WriteLine("before parsing:" + ts);
int sal = int.Parse(s);
sal = sal + 2000;
Console.WriteLine("after parsing:" + sal);
Console.Readkey();
}
}
Working with Boxing & UnBoxing:
1)Boxing is a concept of converting from value types into reference type and vicevarsa is called as unboxing.
2)Boxing is an implicit typecasting and unboxing is an explicit typecasting.
3)object is a predefine reference datatype.
4)object datatype is capable to hold any type of data
Example on Boxing & unBoxing:
Open console application project:
Start->programs->Microsoft visual studio 2010->Microsoft Visual studio 2010->file menu->new->
project->select visual c# from installed templates->select console application
code for main method:
class program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int i = 10;//value type, int is a structure
Object x = i;//object is a class boxing
Console.WriteLine("after Boxing:" + x);
Object k = 1234;
int n = (int)k; //unboxing
Console.WriteLine("after unboxing:" + n);
Console.Readkey();
}
}
